massachusetts climate change adaptation report

Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, 2017: Louisiana's Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. USGCRP, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Effective adaptation also depends on networks of collaboration among researchers and practitioners and the long-term support of monitoring networks. doi: Pelling, M., 2010: Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation. By the middle of this century, annual losses in the United States due to climate change could reach hundreds of billions of dollars (Ch. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change… For policymakers -- Introduction -- Observed changes and their causes -- Future climate changes, risk and impacts -- Future pathways for adaption, mitigation and sustainable development -- Adaptation and mitigation -- Annexes. ), medium consensus, Suggestive evidence (a few sources, limited consistency, models incomplete, methods emerging, etc. Convene stakeholders from across the watershed to address barriers Bringing together relevant agencies, organizations, and individuals responsible for stormwater management decisions from across watersheds can help address barriers presented by different regulations, budget limitations, and expectations for growth. The National CASC Chief, a Northeast CASC-supported program, and a South Central CASC Tribal Liaison were among those recognized by the 2021 Climate Adaptation Leadership Awards given by the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Our bi-weekly Climate Adaptation Insights Newsletter shares our latest news on webinars, events, publications, and other items of interest from the National and Regional CASCs. For instance, Miami-Dade County’s Capital Improvement Program is addressing hazards related to sea level rise, as is San Francisco’s 2015 Seawall Resiliency Project. The competition process strengthened the understanding of regional interdependencies, fostering coordination and resilience both at the local level and across the United States. A number of state agencies engage in intergovernmental climate cooperation coordinating activities through the Intergovernmental Climate Action Team (ICAT). GAO-16-454. Communities can work with universities to make sure that research is applicable to local needs. Communities will need to develop new ways of thinking and planning, such as analyzing decisions by their robustness over a range of potential changes, employing risk management techniques, using principles that maximize minimum losses or minimize maximum losses, and other approaches for decision making under uncertainty. NRC, 2010: Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change. Federal agencies have also begun implementing climate-smart management approaches for managing their natural resources (Ch. Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit global warming and its related effects.This involves reductions in human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as well as activities that reduce their concentration in the atmosphere. 12: Transportation).3,126,127 The expected turnover of this capital stock creates opportunities for adaptation but also raises challenges, such as equity concerns, if, for example, upgrading the resilience of housing stock makes it unaffordable for lower-income residents. Sankovich, V., S. Gangopadhyay, T. Pruitt, and R. J. Caldwell, 2013: Los Angeles Basin Stormwater Conservation Study: Task 3.1. Adaptation often increases up-front costs, thus increasing the salience of steps to reduce those costs. It is one of the ways to respond to climate change, along with adaptation.. Fossil fuel combustion accounts for 89% of all CO Study Report. Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, & Biodiversity, Built Environment, Urban Systems, & Cities, Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests, Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, & Complex Systems, Hawai‘i & U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands, Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation, Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment, http://www.rebuildbydesign.org/about#comp456, https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/newyork/climate-energy/working-with-wind.xml, Strong evidence (established theory, multiple sources, consistent results, well documented and accepted methods, etc. 26 Climate risk management requires addressing socioeconomic (for example, future economic, technology, and regulatory conditions) as well as climate uncertainties. Because these impacts are expected to increase over time, communities throughout the United States face the challenge not only of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but also of adapting to current and future climate change to help mitigate climate risks. Toloo, G., W. Hu, G. FitzGerald, P. Aitken, and S. Tong, 2015: Projecting excess emergency department visits and associated costs in Brisbane, Australia, under population growth and climate change scenarios. Haasnoot, M., J. H. Kwakkel, W. E. Walker, and J. ter Maat, 2013: Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. In the adaptation context, public- and private-sector actors manage climate risk using three types of actions: reducing exposure, reducing sensitivity, and increasing adaptive capacity. Consider how current design standards are formulated a starting point to the discussion Rather than starting a conversation with a discussion of climate change projections, understand the current design standard for stormwater management. Wuebbles, D. J., D. R. Easterling, K. Hayhoe, T. Knutson, R. E. Kopp, J. P. Kossin, K. E. Kunkel, A. N. LeGrande, C. Mears, W. V. Sweet, P. C. Taylor, R. S. Vose, and M. F. Wehner, 2017: Our Globally Changing Climate. 30, Section 61. Collaborate across departments to coordinate collection of data on the costs and benefits of green infrastructure. Found inside – Page 8Climate change–related im- pacts (many have multiple causes) are already being experienced in every re- gion of the ... of the twenty-one specifically concerned with climate change impacts and adaptations (the reports numbered 4.1–4.7). Showcase green infrastructure climate adaptation projects Use redevelopment projects as onsite demonstrations of ways to adapt to climate change using LID, green streets, or environmental site design. The Adaptation Strategies below offer possible ways to address anticipated climate risks to outdoor and indoor air quality. EPA 430‐R‐17‐001. From the expansion of invasive species to wildfire, from drought to sea-level rise, climate change creates new and evolving challenges for ecosystems across the nation. ACE, 2015) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) helps with preparedness planning for extreme events (FEMA, 2015). Mainstreaming climate adaptation into existing decision processes has begun in many areas, in particular those with well-developed risk management processes such as financial risk reporting, capital investment planning, engineering standards, military planning, and disaster risk management. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Atmospheric Programs, Washington, DC, 93 pp. Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage. Engage in existing peer-to-peer networks These networks connect communities at varying stages of implementation and include the GLAA-C, Urban Sustainability Directors Network (USDN), American Society of Adaptation Professionals (ASAP), and the Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Cities Initiative. Adaptation entails a continuing risk management process; it does not have an end point. Further reduction of the risks from climate change can be achieved by new approaches that create conditions for altering regulatory and policy environments, cultural and community resources, economic and financial systems, technology applications, and ecosystems. Update or use existing tools including the EPA's National Stormwater Calculator, the Center for Neighborhood Technology's Green Values National Stormwater Management Calculator and The Value of Green Infrastructure guide. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 144 pp. America's Wetland Foundation, America's Energy Coast, and Entergy, 11 pp. Coordinated adaptation and GHG mitigation planning may also provide defined co-benefits (Ch. Fatorić, S., and E. Seekamp, 2018: A measurement framework to increase transparency in historic preservation decision-making under changing climate conditions. Highfield, W. E., and S. D. Brody, 2013: Evaluating the effectiveness of local mitigation activities in reducing flood losses. Aggregating all these benefits into a single monetary value is not always the best approach,8,95 since in many cases a lack of data and uncertainty over climate projections and benefit valuations may make it impossible to give a uniform treatment to different types of benefits, thereby implicitly favoring some over others. To be eligible for certification, a best management practice must, among other criteria, provide a contract or agreement for ongoing maintenance and pass ongoing maintenance inspections. Ensure that senior management is on-board and that the administrative and fiscal mechanisms of the city enable interdepartmental collaboration. Enhancing social cohesion—the degree to which those in a community identify with the community and with each other—is also known to increase adaptive capacity, such as the ability to rebound quickly from disasters.50 More broadly, while adaptive capacity often refers only to the targets of adaptation action (such as communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure), “the ability of institutions themselves to adjust and evolve will be key to their ability to manage for change.”51, Different populations also have different exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity based on their access to resources and information, their culture, and the quality of governance. Decision makers can use local resources for climate change data from researchers at organizations within the area, such as universities, state meteorological agencies, and other organizations that may be involved in downscaling of climate change scenarios. In all work with individuals and community groups, be sensitive to hot button topics that may distract from the purpose of the conversation and the issues that the work intends to address. Beyond those attributes explicitly measured by benefit–cost analysis, effective adaptation can also enhance social welfare in many ways that can be difficult to quantify and that people will value differently, including improving economic opportunity, health, equity, security, education, social connectivity, and sense of place, as well as safeguarding cultural resources and practices and environmental quality. Multihazard Mitigation Council, 2017: Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: 2017 Interim Report - An Independent Study. Finally, factors such as access to resources, culture, governance, and available information can affect not only the risk faced by different populations but also the best ways to reduce their risks. Develop a methodology and schedule for maintenance that includes details about who is responsible for maintenance and new protocols. With this approach, individuals and organizations of all types assess risks and vulnerabilities from climate and other drivers of change (such as economic, environmental, and societal), take actions to reduce those risks, and learn over time. Benefits are based on understanding the relevant systems so that one can compare similar cases and construct counterfactuals. Similarly, require developers to make decisions informed by future climate, and local governments to incorporate climate change into decision-making processes. Select a particular area of interest or explore a list of all adaptation strategies. Projects Science Our consortium assembles a team of climatologists, biologists, ecologists and hydrologists who use cutting-edge approaches to address major challenges posed by climate change. Brody, S. D., and W. E. Highfield, 2005: Does planning work? The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity in the United States. Vernal pools of the northeastern United States provide important breeding habitat for amphibians but may be sensitive to droughts and climate change. While yielding benefits, adaptation also presents challenges. Risk management approaches that consider multiple objectives can include a specific focus on equity, with important implications on the content and process of adaptation planning and action.99 Poor or marginalized populations often face a higher risk from climate change because they live in areas with higher exposure, are more sensitive to climate impacts, or lack adaptive capacity (Ch. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, doi: National Park Service, 2016: Foundation Document: Fort Pulaski National Monument. Prepared by the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study Team. doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH28, Many regions and sectors across the United States already experience significant impacts from climate change effects, and many of these effects are projected to increase. Pages 75–120 in P. Backlund, A. Janetos, D. Schimel, M. Walsh, editors. Moss, R., P. L. Scarlett, M. A. Kenney, H. Kunreuther, R. Lempert, J. Manning, B. K. Williams, J. W. Boyd, E. T. Cloyd, L. Kaatz, and L. Patton, 2014: Ch. U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Alexandria VA, 224 pp. Kunreuther, H., G. Heal, M. Allen, O. Edenhofer, C. B. Fatorić, S., and E. Seekamp, 2017: Evaluating a decision analytic approach to climate change adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Climate Resilience Toolkit at https://toolkit.climate.gov/ and the University of Notre Dame’s Collaboratory for Adaptation to Climate Change at http://gain.nd.edu). The City launched Climate Ready Boston to help Boston plan for the impacts of climate change and build a resilient future. The scope for this chapter was determined by the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) Federal Steering Committee, which is made up of representatives from the U.S. Formal and informal networks of government, nongovernmental organizations, and academic, faith-based, and private-sector parties engaged in developing and implementing adaptation are expanding. Climate change introduces an unfamiliar new source of uncertainty. External incentives include the legal requirements, engineering standards, climate-related financial risk disclosure requirements, and changes in insurance coverage. certainty in Key Findings. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC, 271 pp. For instance, it often proves profitable in the near term to build in low-lying areas subject to future extreme flooding152 rather than in areas with lower future risk. A Report for: California's Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Delivering science to help fish, wildlife, water, land, and people adapt to a changing climate. Sen, A., 2011: The Idea of Justice. Camden, New Jersey Uses Green Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater, DC Utilizes Green Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater, Smart Growth Along the Riverfront Helps Manage Stormwater in Iowa City, Iowa, Blue Plains Wastewater Facility in Washington DC Reinforces Facility Against Floods. These discussions were informed by a comprehensive literature review of the evidence base for the current state of adaptation in the United States. Found inside – Page 85Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Report No. 18. Cambridge: MIT. Yamin, F., A. Rahman, and S. Huq. 2005. Vulnerability, adaptation, and climate disasters: A conceptual ... These chapters also provide extensive documentation of cases in which failure to adapt to current and future climate conditions can cause significant adverse impacts. Kunreuther, H., E. Michel-Kerjan, and M. Pauly, 2013: Making America more resilient toward natural disasters: A call for action. Latest news. Please click here to see any active alerts. Climate change is altering the spatial distribution of many species around the world. EPA, 2017: Green Infrastructure Cost-Benefit Resources [web site]. MS4s transport stormwater runoff that is often discharged into water bodies. The Fort Pulaski example cited previously included a new coastal protection structure with an adaptive design that can be inexpensively adjusted as the future risk grows larger. Highly uncertain attribution. (High Confidence). Projects Science Our consortium assembles a team of climatologists, biologists, ecologists and hydrologists who use cutting-edge approaches to address major challenges posed by climate change. But the mechanisms for doing so are not yet widely in place. Risk is sometimes defined as the likelihood of an event’s occurrence multiplied by a measure of its consequences for human and natural systems. CHAPTER 28: REDUCING RISKS THROUGH ADAPTATION ACTIONS, Chapter 28: Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions, Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions, Box 28.1: Department of Housing and Urban Development National Disaster Resilience Competition, Box 28.2: Adaptation Actions by Individuals, Box 28.3: Common Attributes of Effective Adaptation. Hess, J. J., J. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. GAO, 2016: Climate change: Selected governments have approached adaptation through laws and long-term plans. EPA, 2015: Climate Change in the United States: Benefits of Global Action. Land resources: Forests and Arid Lands. Increasingly, Massachusetts cities and towns are pushing the envelope on their local Home Rule authority to adopt climate change ordinances and bylaws, with city councils, boards of selectmen and town meetings getting in the game to drive change locally. 4: Energy; Ch. This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Found inside – Page 105Similarly a Massachusetts Climate Change Adaptation report from 2011 also recommended diversifying energy supplies as a strategy to make our system less prone to failures . Extreme weather events are on the rise . Pittsburgh’s EcoInnovation District, in the city’s Uptown and Oakland neighborhoods, employs bottom-up planning to improve the environment, support the needs of existing residents, and expand job growth. In some cases, this involves seeking, legitimizing, and accelerating large changes, rather than attempting to retain today’s conditions as long as possible.10,156,157, Reducing climate risk often requires managing interdependent systems in ways that transcend current jurisdictional and sectoral boundaries (Ch. National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, DC, 340 pp. In response, we need to identify and protect suitable areas for a large proportion of the fauna so that they persist through time. Found insideIssueswere drawn case studies—on increasesin sea fromthree level, extreme precipitation events,and extreme temperatures—in the2011 publicationof the Massachusetts ClimateChange Adaptation Report. 36 The activity engaged museumguestsin ... Release Number: NR-007. After 2050, the magnitude of changes, and thus the demands on adaptation, begins to depend strongly on the scale of GHG emissions reduction today and over the coming decades.4,9, Individuals, business entities, governments, and civil society as a whole can take adaptation actions at many different scales. In particular, it is important to note: Climate Change Adaptation Resource Center (ARC-X), Waste Facility Protection adaptation strategies, Maryland Analyzes Coastal Wetlands Susceptibility to Climate Change, Southwest Florida Assesses Salt Marsh Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise, Pennsylvania Protects Coldwater Fisheries and Water Quality from Climate Change, Collaborate with Green Infrastructure Partners, Model Ordinance for Establishing Citywide Green Stormwater Infrastructure, Green Values National Stormwater Management Calculator, The Value of Green Infrastructure: A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits, Integrating Green Infrastructure into Federal Regulatory Programs, Fredericktown, Missouri Prepares for Climate Change Drought Risk, San Juan Bay Estuary Program Assesses Vulnerability and Targets Adaptation Measures, Barre City, Vermont Accounts for Climate Change within a Brownfield Redevelopment Plan, San Francisco Cleans Up India Basin Waterfront Brownfield Site as Part of Greenspace Development Effort, Southeast Florida Compact Analyzes Sea Level Rise Risk, Camden, New Jersey Uses Green Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts Assesses Climate Vulnerability, Iowa City, Iowa Closes Vulnerable Wastewater Facility, Integrated Climate and Land-Use Scenarios, Minnehaha, MN Creek Watershed District Assesses Stormwater Management Climate Vulnerability, Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Climate Change Adaptation Resource Center (ARC-X) Home, Retreat from, and abandonment of, coastal barriers, Purchase upland development rights or property rights, Expand the planning horizons of land use planning to incorporate longer climate predictions, Adapt protections of important biogeochemical zones and critical habitats as the locations of these areas change with climate, Connect landscapes with corridors to enable migrations, Design estuaries with dynamic boundaries and buffers, Replicate habitat types in multiple areas to spread risks associated with climate change. A growing number of jurisdictions address climate risk in their land-use, hazard mitigation, capital improvement, and transportation plans. Successful adaptation has been hindered by the assumption that climate conditions are and will be similar to those in the past. These include difficulties obtaining the necessary funds; insufficient information and relevant expertise; jurisdictional mismatches among those responsible for taking adaptation actions and those who benefit from those actions; conflicting interests among relevant parties; and the pressures on agencies and professionals that serve the public to act cautiously, in particular by seeking to follow long-established procedures and experience. In addressing future precipitation changes in stormwater management, decision makers may need assistance determining which climate change scenarios to evaluate, where to get appropriate climate data, and assessing whether the climate projections coincide with locally driven concerns. 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Building a resilient future richmond, and J. D. Ford, 2015: change..., DC, doi: Reclamation, Denver, CO, 304 pp question of what role, any..., Eds., 2014: climate-smart conservation: Putting adaptation Principles into practice Putting... Agriculture, land cover -- as shaped by land use planning law each chapter explores potential! Chapel Hill, NC 775Working Group II contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Fourth Assessment Report the! City ofCape Town ( FAC4T ) area of interest or explore a list of resiliency or adaptation actions for... Habitat for amphibians but may be most effective approaches, including iterative management. Suggests a promising project to undertake, because the benefits it generates are greater than 1 a! U.S. Army Corps of engineers has been hindered by the Colorado River Basin water and! Been hindered by the assumption that climate conditions are and will be redirected to a new site 5. Louisiana, 2017: u.s. government, Defense resource Hub [ web site ] cause significant adverse.. Make these approaches highly visible to the world solution may be relevant or marginalized populations in adaptation activity other just. Dioxide through Seaweed Cultivation: Legal Challenges and opportunities, by incorporating risk. State of California, 2016: Draft Report: Recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel climate... Proposals ranged in scope and scale from large-scale green infrastructure Webcast Series stormwater! World economic Forum, 2018: flood Loss Avoidance benefits of global Action to obtain National Pollutant Discharge Elimination permit! Temperature variations authoritative Assessment of the Fourth Assessment Report of Working Groups,. Futures, Broadway, NSW, Australia, 93 pp by future climate conditions Managing Freshwater resources in climate!, Institute for Sustainable futures, rather than substantive mandates is “resilience” maladaptive combine types... 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