Bison stand some 1.5 to 2 meters (5 to 6.5 feet) tall at the shoulder, and can tip the scales at over a ton. Bison, symbolic animals of the Great Plains, are often mistakenly called buffaloes. An estimated 50 million plains bison, probably the largest aggregation of large animals known to recorded history, roamed over North America when Europeans arrived. Bison once covered the Great Plains and much of North America, and were critically important to Plains Indian societies. It greatly outnumbered the wood bison, which lived in northwestern Canada and Alaska. Bison have a life expectancy of approximately 15 years in the wild and up to 25 years in captivity. The American bison has a long and varied history in the United States. By the late 1880s, fewer than 1,000 bison remained. The plains bison is the largest land mammal in North America with some adult bulls weighing in excess of 2,000 pounds. Bison, a keystone species, help create habitat on the Great Plains for many different species, including grassland birds and even many plant species. Today, the largest remaining wild herd of approximately 4,500 individuals can be found in Yellowstone National Park. Plains bison (Bison bison bison) were re-introduced in Grasslands National Park in December 2005, after 120 years of absence. This vast, wind swept prairie evolved with bison, drought, periodic fire and variable continental climate. Tens of millions of these iconic animals once roamed across much of North America. About 150 years ago, nearly 30 million bison roamed the Great Plains until a mass slaughter began in the early 1800s. The plains bison formerly inhabited most of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains provinces of Canada. Wood bison is potentially more primitive in phenotype than plains bison while the latter probably evolved from mixing of Bison occidentalis and Bison antiquus. Large North American grazers including the plains bison traditionally … Plains bison are often in the smaller range of sizes, and wood bison in the larger range. Prior to European settlement, the prairies were home to millions of free-roaming bison. Despite their massive size, bison are quick on their feet.

By the 1880's many changes had occurred on the landscape and the …


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